English 83 TKAM Blog

Reflections (Jeremiah)

2011-05-31T20:04:00.000-07:00

Reflection

2011-05-31T18:59:00.001-07:00

Reflections On TKAM

2011-05-31T15:36:00.001-07:00

Chapters 28 and 29: Free Responce

2011-05-30T16:17:00.000-07:00

In chapters 28 and 29, Jem's maturity is clearly shown. After Scout humiliates herself in the pageant, Jem is there to comfort her and is described as being similar to Atticus in this action. He is understanding and lets Scout stay behind so that she will not have to see anyone in the audience. Harper Lee writes, "Jem was becoming almost as good as Atticus at making you feel right when things went wrong." From the beginning of the book, Atticus has been characterized as calm and soothing to Scout and Jem to an unrealistic degree. This line shows how Jem has changed from a little boy plying the Boo Radley game to someone almost as composed as Atticus.

This is also shown when they are walking home from the pageant. Jem is more observant than Scout and is the one who hears the footsteps in the first place. He initially decides that it is not a big deal and is just Cecil trying to scare them or at least tells this to Scout. This is very similar to what Atticus did when Scout asked him if there were any gangs in town and he dismissed the idea. This naivety led to Atticus getting into trouble with a gang shortly later. Likewise, Scout and Jem nearly get killed by the maker of the noise that they hear behind them. If they had gotten scared and immediately started running home, they might have gotten out of trouble. Does this show that in some ways, Atticus's responses to situations are more childish than those of Scout and Jem at the beginning of the book? To some extent, it does. However, contrary to in the book, not all situations that scare little children turn out to be life threatening. Also to consider is that they may have been in trouble weather or not they ran and so their decision was irrelevant and it was more mature to presume that it was nothing. Regardless, this assumption shows how Jem is getting more like Atticus in his maturity level and shows his change throughout the book.

Do you think that Scout and Jem would have been better off if they had panicked and run away instead of staying calm? To what extent do you think that it is Atticus's fault that the children got attacked? Would the situation have been different if Atticus had been with scout?

Chapters 28 & 29 Free Response: Did Atticus really do all that he could to protect Scout and Jem from what was to come?

2011-05-29T08:10:00.000-07:00

Chapters 28 and 29 are two chapters with some of most action so far in the book. On halloween night, Scout is meant to be in a play at the high school. Atticus and Aunt Alexandra decided to stay at home, for various reasons, so Jem took Scout. It was dark going there and back, but the main action happened on their way home when Bob Ewell tried to murder both of them in the dark. Luckily, Boo Radley was there to protect the children. Jem was left with a broken arm and Scout with a small head bump. This scene in the book was one of the most exciting and frightening. Bob Ewell was left dead. Atticus and Aunt Alexandra were not a part of the action, but they did call the Doctor and got a quick explanation of what happened that night. This situation leaves the question of whether or not Atticus was being naive about thinking the Bob Ewell had really taken out all of his anger on him earlier. Why did Atticus and Aunt Alexandra think that it was safe for their kids to take a walk at night, on halloween, in the dark, and alone?

After the incident, when everyone was at home, including Mr. Tate, on page 361 Atticus seems to be confused about what was wrong with Bob Ewell. Atticus says that he was "crazy." This showed that Atticus really does only believe in the best of people, because he looked past the fact that Bob Ewell was really just a bitter, mean, and stupid alcoholic. On page 361, Mr. Tate explained to Atticus, " Mr. Finch, there's just some kind of men you have to shoot before you can say hidy to 'em. Even then, they ain't worth the bullet it takes to shoot em'. Ewell 'as one of 'em." Atticus replied with, " I thought he had got it all out of him the day he threatened me. Even if he hadn't, I thought he'd come after me." Bob Ewell, throughout the book, seemed to be someone with no fears. This showed through with these chapters. It is just hard to believe that Atticus really thought that this man, who had the nerve to beat up his own daughter, would only threaten Atticus and let everything be after that. But, Bob Ewell knew what would get to Atticus the most, which was his children. He even had the nerve to try to take the lives from Scout and Jem, who were young children. So, maybe now, Atticus will realize that he does need to take more precautions for protecting both him and his children. Maybe, Atticus will finally see that there are some people who are just mean to their core.

1. Do you think that Atticus will have some kind of realization from this experience?

2. How do you think life will be from now on for the Finch family?

3. How will this experience effect Jem, who seemed to just be recovering, in the long run?

Chapter 26- What Is Ironic About The Lesson Miss Gates Is Teaching The Children?

2011-05-25T12:57:00.000-07:00

Throughout, "To Kill a Mockingbird," Harper Lee has many of the themes involving racism and how the huge amount of hate for it could get in the way of morals and justice. During Scout's class at school, the children have to bring up current events and a boy named Cecil talked about Hitler and his treatment to the Jews. On page 329, Miss Gates says, "There are no better people in the world than the Jews, and why Hitler doesn't think so is a mystery to me." What's ironic about this is that Miss Gates is basically telling these kids that racism is unbelievable and it shouldn't change the way you treat a person. This is probably the last thing you would expect to hear from a regular citizen in Maycomb. Having people from Maycomb saying words such as this further characterizes the community and shows how hypocritical they can be. Why would you send a man to jail who's obviously innocent and then later, judge Hitler about his hate against another race?

However, the case is different once it involves blacks. On page 329, it was said by Cecil that "they're supposed to change money or somethin', but that ain't no cause to persecute' em. They're white, ain't they?" Although Jewish people are different then a white Christian man from Maycomb, they still look white on the outside. Almost everyone sees people for what they look like on the outside and not the inside. But there are others who see past that. Atticus, Scout, Jem and Dill see blacks as nice people and not people to mistreat for their skin color. Hitler doesn't hate Jewish people because they're white but because of they're religion. Although Hitler was a horrible person, you can't say he didn't have his own reason for killing the Jewish population. In Maycomb, they don't have many reasons for why they hate blacks. The children, the adults, the old people, nearly everyone sees people for their skin and immediately choose their fate. If Tom Robinson was a Jewish white man accused of rape, do you think he would be guilty during the trial? Would Miss Gates be considered more racist against the black community for her lessons to the children?

Chapters 26+27:What is ironic about the lesson Miss Gates is teaching the children?

2011-05-25T07:37:00.000-07:00

In chapter 26, Scout's third grade teacher, Miss Gates, teaches the class about how Hitler's persecution of the Jews was so wicked. As she preaches against inequality, it dawns on Scout that this is ironic because Miss Gates had also told Miss Stephanie Crawford that it was about time that someone taught the blacks in town a lesson. When she consults Jem about this, Jem becomes enraged and commands Scout never to talk about the trial again.

Miss Gates is an interesting character, in that she contributes well to the characterization of Maycomb. In the book, there are several characters that Harper Lee uses to demonstrate to the reader the moral values (or lack there of) on which the town relies. From what I can tell, Miss Gates seems like a perfectly nice person, except for the fact that she is so racially prejudice. I can't tell whether or not Miss Gates is putting on an act for the sake of her students when she preaches against inequality, but I assume that she isn't. I think that she looks at the extreme prejudices that Hitler had and labels them as evil, but in her own mind she justifies her own prejudices somehow. She gets to have access to a bird's eye view of Nazi prejudices, which in-turn allows her to condemn them, but she does not have access to a bird's eye view of her own prejudices. I do not think that Miss Gates is at all an evil person because of her ignorance. She hasn't been exposed to anything else, so how can we condemn her for being the only way she knows how to be? Of course, I am not excusing her for her racism, but I am also not blaming her for it.

1) Do you blame Miss Gates for being racist? Why?

2) If you were knew Miss Gates, would you be friendly towards her, or would you not be?

3) How do you think Scout feels about Miss Gates.

Chap. 24+25: Why is Chap. 24 in the book?

2011-05-24T14:33:00.000-07:00

Harper Lee uses chapter 24 in the book to reinforce to the reader how little the residents of Maycomb care about the wellbeing of black people and how hypocritical they are. In the beginning of the chapter the ladies of Maycomb’s missionary circle are sitting serenely and daintily drinking cups of tea. They are pretending to feel sorry for the African Mrunas. Mrs. Grace Merriweather is one of these ladies and when asked by Scout what they have been discussing she says, “Oh child, those poor Mrunas (308),” upon which her eyes fill with tears. However, despite all of her crying, she would never go near the Mrunas because she considers them to be inferior. In fact, she considers all white people to be better than them, and she even pities them because they have almost no white company and “Not a white person’ll go near ‘em but that saintly J. Grimes Everett (309).” All the white residents of the town also subject the Maycomb County blacks to this proclamation of inferiority. This incident exposes them as hypocrites both in Scout’s mind and the readers. Originally the ladies must have started attempting to clear their consciences of the atrocities they have committed against black people (among them, sentencing an innocent man to his death) by pretending to sympathize with them.

Still, they are not courageous enough to pity Tom Robinson for being wrongly convicted, and instead pretend to feel sympathy toward his wife, and to a far off African tribe that they will never face criticism for commiserating.

In addition to exposing the white residents of Maycomb, namely the ladies, as hypocrites, Harper Lee also uses this chapter to push the action forward. This is done through the killing of Tom Robinson, which is highly unexpected if you are reading the book for the first time. After the last few chapters, predicting what came next seemed easy and the pace seemed to be slowing, but Tom’s death reinvigorates the story and also sets the scene for action to come. Harper Lee most likely included Tom’s shooting as a way to get rid of the trial storyline and bring back Boo Radley. In addition, this event helps to highlights, that although they are expected to convey sorrow for the squalor in which a far off African tribe lives, it is unacceptable to feel real remorse for the town’s black people. Thus, after hearing the news of Tom’s death, Aunt Alexandra, Scout and Miss Maudie are not permitted, due to some unwritten social law, to feel sadness over the death. In turn, they continue on with the missionary circle as if nothing happened.

Harper Lee also uses this chapter to bring out a whole new side to Aunt Alexandra. She was originally characterized as a bossy, status quo-oriented lady who was supportive of all of white Maycomb’s views. However, during this chapter it is also made clear at least part of that personality is just a front. This is because through the course of the chapter Aunt Alexandra quietly thanks Mrs. Maudie for dispelling Mrs. Merriweather’s condescending attitude toward blacks, feels sadness over Tom’s death, and agrees with Atticus. Through this Harper Lee informs the reader that Aunt Alexandra might not be as bad as previously thought, and this knowledge adds to the urge to read on and find out if she actually turns out to be a good person.

Harper Lee uses chapter 24 to add characterization to the ladies of Maycomb, to push the action forward and inform us of Tom Robinson’s death, and to add to our knowledge of Aunt Alexandra.

Does the news about Tom surprise you? Why or why not?

2011-05-24T14:28:00.000-07:00

In Chapters 24 and 25, Harper Lee further characterizes Aunt Alexandra. Her obsession of Scout leaving behind her tom-boy stages and entering the life of a lady has finally taken a step forward. Scout clearly feels very awkward around them, and attempts to make conversation with Mrs. Merriweather. As the ladies are deep into their conversation, Atticus walks in with devastating information. From how Harper Lee has shown Tom Robinson's caring, kind personality, I must say I was shocked from the news. However, it could be that he knew that he wouldn't get a chance in Appeals Court, and just took a shot when the opportunity arose. Atticus said, "I guess Tom was tired of white men's chances and preferred to take his own." (pg.236). This shows how Tom knew he wouldn't have a chance. I always thought Tom Robinson to be Atticus-like. I never envisioned Tom Robinson taking things into his own hands. On another note, he told Atticus that he [Atticus] could no longer do anything to save him [Tom], so that could have foreshadowed into this escape.

When Aunt Alexandra asked why the Jail authorities didn't try stopping him, Atticus did not jump to any conclusions. This shows again, in the most infuriating of times, how calm Atticus keeps himself. He doesn't assume that the authorities at the jail shot him just because he was black. Atticus said, "He wasn't Tom to them, he was an escaping prisoner." (pg. 235) This once again shows how impartial Atticus is. He puts himself into the shoes of the guards at the jail, and he understands them, and has empathy. At this point, there won't be an appeal to the rape charge that Tom was prosecuted for. This brings up the question, when will Boo Radley appear again? I'm sure this event will further educate Jem and Scout about the racism of Maycomb. They now understand that although Tom could have gone free, he knew himself there was no hope. Jem and Scout have finally taken their first few steps into reality, that Maycomb is in fact a sad, racist town. That things can happen that are not always ethical. It seems as though Aunt Alexandra finally realizes the hatred they had for Tom Robinson. She even points out that it was not necessary for the guards to shoot him seventeen times. Aunt Alexandra feels for Tom.
1. Why do you think Aunt Alexandra is suddenly on the side of Tom Robinson?
2. Would you have done what Tom had done?
3. Why doesn't Atticus get emotional? He cried when food was brought to him, but he doesn't cry when he is notified Tom Robinson died. Why is that?
4. Is there still hope for Maycomb? Will they change?

Chapters 22&23: What do we learn has happened to Atticus and how do we find this out? Are you surprised by his reaction?

2011-05-23T16:44:00.000-07:00

Throughout the book ‘To Kill A Mockingbird,’ Harper Lee has characterized Atticus as “the perfect dad.” He never does anything wrong, tells his children great advice all of the time, and is a person the town of Maycomb looks upon to try and keep the place moving along. Because he has such skill in the court, Atticus was asked to defend Tom Robinson against the Ewells from a charge of rape. He took it upon himself as a great challenge and tried his very best throughout the whole case to prevent this man from going to jail. A lot of people did not like how Atticus was doing such a great job of protecting Tom, but Atticus would not stand for not trying his best just because he was Black, unlike the town.

In chapter twenty-two, Atticus went through another hard time because of the trial. Scout, Jem, and Dill were outside coming from Ms. Maudie’s house, when Miss Rachel and Miss Stephanie was seen running crazily towards the children. When the children asked what was wrong, Miss Stephanie replied: “this morning Mr. Bob Ewell stopped Atticus on the post office corner, spat in his face, and told him he’d get him if it took the rest of his life.”(290) This may seem surprising at first, but based off of what we have seen thus far from Bob Ewell, this fits his character just fine. Mr. Ewell has tried to protect his family and himself throughout the case, and has not liked how Atticus has reacted to them. Bob Ewell is mad that Atticus is not protecting his family, and worst of all, protecting a black man instead. Also, because Mr. Ewell is such an uneducated man, he does not see why any black should even have a chance to win in court. In addition, this situation is not surprising to hear about, because it would be weird for such a crazy, dirty, and uneducated man to not do or say anything to Atticus after Atticus has done such a great job of defending Tom Robinson and at least slowing the case down. Of course he would get mad, and if we never heard from him again that would not fit his rough character. Also, Atticus didn’t have any reaction at first besides “I wish Bob Ewell wouldn’t chew tobacco.”(291) This is a very common response for Atticus, as well. Atticus is not the person who would want to talk all about the situation right away. He doesn’t have much to say on situations about the trial and does not like to dwell on the past. However, because the children are already so involved in the case and have such a curiosity on what happened and why, it is only natural for Atticus to follow up on what had happened between him and Mr. Bob Ewell and explain a little more to them. Do you think that it is fine for the children to be experienced to all of this, or do you think that Scout, Jem, and Dill are too young for such a serious case? Do you think Mr. Ewell and Atticus will have further encounters with one another such as the one that just happened?

Atticus tells Jem: “So far nothing in your life has interfered with your reasoning process.” What is he talking about?

2011-05-23T13:15:00.000-07:00

When Atticus says to Jem, "So far nothing in your life has interfered with your reasoning process," (295) he is referring to the prejudice of the men on Tom Robinson's jury, and how Jem has never had any preliminary ideas that have affected his sense of reason. Jem, still being taken aback by his new revelation about his friends and neighbors, is talking about how unfairly cruel it is that Tom Robinson was found guilty. His father continues to tell him about the jury, "Those are twelve reasonable men in everyday life, Tom's jury, but you saw something come between them and reason. You saw that same thing that night in front of the jail."(295). In these lines Harper Lee continues to explore one of the most prominent themes in TKAM; racism. Atticus, as he has said about others before, is saying that the members of the jury are, outside of that court room, good, reasonable and honest men. However in TKAM, when race comes into play, people act differently. Earlier in the story when Atticus found himself face to face with a mob lead by Mr. Cunningham at the jail, a strange relationship was established between them. While Atticus helped out Mr. Cunningham with his entailment problems, Mr. Cunningham was still persuaded to turn against him for defending Tom Robinson. While Atticus has had to learn to live with that, Jem has only very recently learned how unreasonable his fellow townspeople can be over the race issue. Now he's being told that in some instances, he'll have to look past that. Atticus' view is that people who hold those prejudices aren't responsible for their views, they were just raised that way, so until you try to ignore it, you won't be able to get by in Maycomb. This is even a stranger message for Jem to receive than him realizing how racist his fellow citizens are. Even with this new point of view from his father, do you think Jem will utilize this new way of thinking? Or will he continue to be disgusted by his neighbors? Will this ultimately lead to Jem breaking his arm?

Chapters 20-21: ON WHAT TERMS WAS TOM ROBENSON DECLARED GUILTY?

2011-05-22T13:29:00.000-07:00

In the time period, which To Kill A Mocking Bird is based in the differences between two races, is quite significant. Tom Robenson a young black male from Maycomb who is being accused of raping a white innocent Ewell. As the Story progresses throughout the reader learns the major of the differences between whites and blacks in Maycomb. The evidence of the two races being separated and isolating themselves is in the context. Although Scout is too young to understand the whole case at the time, she does try to perceive it in her own way.

Haper Lee brings us into the courtroom for the first time in chapters 16-22. She shows us the reality, which Atticus is going through with the case being assigned to him. The Courtroom to the children’s knowledge is a place of Justice and right judgment. Scout is only still a pre-adolescent and does not understand the maturity of the case, which her father had been given. To Scout’s understanding her father had proven the Mr. Ewell wrong by near end of chapter 21. Sadly the exact opposite is the case. As the jury enters the courtroom after a significant amount of time, not one single one of them turns to look at Tom. Which is a sign of them finding him guilty. The jury to the expectation of their signal hands a sheet of paper to the judge acknowledging them finding Tom to be guilty.

Jem and Scout were astonished because of the verdict. They believed their father had absolutely no way of losing the case because of the way he approached it. Just sheer moments before they announced Tom being guilty Jem was certain he would be acknowledged to be innocent, but the older and more knowledgeable Reverend Skyes knew what was going to happen “Now don’t be so confident, Mr. Jem I ain’t ever seen a jury decided in favor of a colored man over a white man.”(279) That line shows why Tom got convicted, because he had a trace of black blood in him. Not because he was guilty or because people knew he was, but because of one simple reason the color of his skin.

In the previous chapter Atticus states, “…In this country our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal…” (274) Before that statement he is comparing the differences in life between the two races. Unfortunately even in the court the verdict proved everyone is not equal at that time period.

Why do you think the Court in the book is so harsh to blacks?
In your opinion was it right to convict Tom based on the evidence presented to the jury?

chapters 20 & 21

2011-05-22T09:07:00.001-07:00

Why does Harper Lee put these events in the order she does: Dolphus Raymond's conversation with the children, then the closing statement, then Calpurnia's appearance, then the verdict and the response to Atticus's exit?
Harper Lee puts these events in this specific order to show the reader that this trial isn't goint to end as it seems. Dolphus was an outcast in the town becuase of who he was aquianted with, black men and women. They meet him outside the courthouse and Dolphus explains that what Dill was feeling was the way of life when he says, "'Cry about the simple hell people give other people-- without even thinking. Cry about the hell white people give colored folks, withought even stopping to think that they're people, too... You haven't even seen this town, but all you gotta do is step back inside the courthouse.'" (269) Harper Lee puts this conversation with this character in this chapter to show Scout what is going to come. It shows foreshadowing of the trial, and shows Scout how the town is going to take this trial to the very end. But Scout doesn't realize that this case is clouded by racism and racial superiority. The fact that the case is ending differently than Scout thought is reinforced when Scout comes back into the courthouse. For the first time Scout sees Atticus feeling uncomfortable and stressed about this case. Scout explains her discomfort when she says, "he unbuttoned his vest, unbuttoned his collar, loosened his tie, and took off his coat. He never loosened a scrap of clothing until he undressed at bedtime, and to Jem and me, this was equivalent of him standing before us stark naked." (271) This added to the foreshadowing, showing Scout that even Atticus isn't sure he is going to win this case in the end. As Atticus is making his closing statements it's clear to Scout that there is something upsetting him. He must know that this trial is not going to go his way but he is determined to try anyway. Harper Lee puts his attitude, his actions, like this to show Scout and Jem that this case isn't normal for Atticus.

Harper Lee brings Cal to the courthouse to show Scout that Atticus wants the children to see the real racism of Maycomb. He finds out that they have been at the trial the whole time and figures that the resuts won't add any more than they have already seen. When Jem and Scout go to talk with Atticus he seems tired but not angry. He speaks with them briefly saying, "'The jury might be out and back in a minute, we don't know--' but we could tell Atticus was relenting. 'Well you've heard it all, so you might as well hear the rest.'" (277) Harper Lee uses this to show Scout that Atticus is hoping that the children can benefit from this trial. She wants the reader to know that Atticus believes they should be introduced to the reality of Maycomb. The fact that the jury took about three hours to figure out their decision seemed to make most rethink their first thoughts on the ending of the trial. Scout keeps asking Jem to make sure that this long decision is still to their advantage. Scout describes the decision when she says, "What happened after that had a dreamlike quality: in a dream I saw the jury return, moving like underwater swimmers... A jury never looked at a defendant it had convicted, and when this jury came in, not one of them looked at Tom Robinson." (282) Scout observes the jury with a sleepy mind but she has grown upo with a lawyer as a father and she knows all of the signs. She realizes that Tom is guilty before the judge announces it. This shows how observant Scout is and how she doesn't really know what is going on in this trial but she knows that this ending is not what Jem or Atticus wanted. But when Atticus just leaves, without looking back is when Scout knew this shouldn't have happened. Now Harper Lee puts all of these events in this order leading up to the announcement of the decision to warn Scout that Maycomb isn't what she seems. It's time for her to realize that Maycomb had many insecurities lying underneath it but the biggest one being racism surrounding the people of Maycomb.
How is Atticus going to be seen as now? Is he still going to be the black protector or has that image faded? Do you think the trial should have ended this way or should Tom Robinson have been found innocent?

Chapters 18 and 19: What does Tom Robinson suggest happened the day of the rape? Do you think the jury will believe his version of events? Explain why you think this.

2011-05-18T17:08:00.000-07:00

Harper Lee makes it clear to the reader that Tom Robinson is an innocent man through her characterization of him, his empathy for Mayella, and Atticus's clever evidence. When speaking as a witness of the event, Tom Robinson suggested that Mayella was trapping him in a room alone with her and tempting him to have sex with her. While he was asking her to stand aside from the door to let him out, Bob Ewell showed up. Tom ran as fast as he could and heard Bob shout to his daughter, "You goddamn whore, I'll kill ya." Ewell must have then beaten and raped Mayella: originally to impress upon her what sins she committed, but eventually to use as evidence against Tom in the court case. When Atticus asked Tom if he tried to resist Mayella's advances, Tom said, "'Mr. Finch, I tried. I tried to 'thout bein' ugly to her. I didn't wanta be ugly. I didn't wanta push her or nothin'.'" This shows Tom Robinson's sincere empathy for Mayella as well as his fear of going to court. He understands the lack of loneliness and love in Mayella's life, and would have felt like he had committed a sin if he pushed her aside to escape. He also says of her comments about the day of the rape's series of events, "'I don't say she's lyin', Mr. Gilmer, I say she's mistaken in her mind,'" which shows his feeling of sympathy for Mayella. He was also afraid that if he shoved Mayella aside, he would be sent to court for hurting a white woman. Tom's goodness in all aspects is characterized by Harper Lee's clever use of evidence, the sincerity of his story, and his feeling of empathy for Mayella.

The jury most likely believes Tom Robinson's version of events. If it is clear to both a nine and a twelve year old child that Tom is innocent, it should not be difficult for grown men to understand with utmost confidence the truth of the matter. However, although the jury may believe Tom's account of events, the likelihood of it actually voting for his release is slim to none. No matter what is done to suggest or prove Tom's guiltlessness, the prejudice towards his race will force him to lose the case because of the nature and volume of racism in the 1930's. Just because the jury believes Tom does not mean that it will vote for his innocence.

Is Bob Ewell believed in this case, or he lost his last shred of credibility? Is Mayella believed by the jury?

Ch. 18 & 19: What does Tom Robinson suggest happened the day of the rape? Do you think the jury will believe his version of events?

2011-05-18T15:46:00.001-07:00

When Tom Robinson is called to the stand, he states that on his way to work, Mayella would ask him to do chores for her. On November 21st, he was walking by, and Mayella called him in to fix a door. Tom wondered why the other kids were not there, and Mayella explained that they went for ice cream with the money that she had earned. Mayella then asked Tom to get a box down from above a chiffarobe. Tom climbs up onto a chair to get the box, and Mayella grabs his legs. This gesture frightens Tom and he leaps down. Mayella hugs him, and asks him to kiss her. At this moment, her father arrives at the window, and calls her daughter a whore, and threatens to kill her. Tom instantly runs away. Although this testimony is obviously the truth to the reader, it is not to the jury. Harper Lee wanted to make sure that the reader knew that Tom Robinson was innocent, but that because of extreme racism, that was not seen from the eyes of the jurors. In Maycomb County, they are prejudice to the black community. Their first judgment is with the color of their skin, and not what actually happened. Because of the fact that Tom Robinson is black, they will account for that much more than the real information of the court case. It would be clear to all of them that Tom Robinson is innocent, but because of the fact that there perception of blacks is so unreasonable; they are unable to see just the facts of the case. On page 138 when Jem is talking to Atticus about what he did at Mrs. Dubose’s house, Jem says, “She said you lawed for negroes and trash.” Mrs. Dubose clearly, without even aiming this statement at one specific person is generalizing and judging a group of people. Mrs. Dubose represents the older women of Maycomb County. The jury of this trial is the older generation of the town. Most of them have experienced slavery, and grew up superior to blacks. To charge Tom Robinson innocent, and have a white man charged guilty, would be unrealistic for them. That would mean that whites were inferior to blacks, and they do not believe in that. Do you think the jury will realize that Tom Robinson is guilty? Will they look past that he is black, and observe the blatant facts that he is innocent?

Chapter 16 & 17: Free Response

2011-05-17T17:20:00.000-07:00

In the middle of chapter 16, Jem and Scout are taking about the difference between white, black, and being half of each. The children, Jem, Scout, and Dill, are walking through the town of Maycomb, analyzing each person outside or near the courthouse, the rioters, drunks, and the black and white spectators. As they pass each group of these people, Jem, now “officially” wise, knows a story about each one. When Jem says, “Half-white, half-colored. You’ve seen ‘em, Scout… They’re real sad… They don’t belong anywhere.” (215) In this scene, the reader sees the town as truly divided. When the children are outside they mostly see black families, but when they enter the court house, they are surrounded by “the Idlers’ Club” made up of white men who despise Atticus for standing up for a “nigger”, this scene shows how segregation is being redefined by this case. Even though before the case, all seemed at peace in Maycomb, the children are learning of the true horror that racism can bring.

When they enter the courthouse, Scout sees “the Idler’s Club” talking about Atticus defending Tom Robinson in the case. Scout listens into their conversation and overhears what the townsmen think of Atticus and of the case; one of the things Atticus feared would happen if the children were to walk into town. “Lemme tell you somethin’ now, Billy… the court appointed him to defend the nigger… Yeah, but Atticus aims to defend him. That’s what I don’t like about it.” (218) When Scout hears this; she sees the other side of the story, in which he didn’t choose to defend Robinson. She’s confused at the fact that Atticus didn’t use this as a way to defend his family. Older Scout, the narrator, knows why he chose not to use this, she knows that Atticus was standing up to an outdated law that was racist and that discriminated against blacks. Young Scout, being new to the idea of racism, doesn’t see what her father is doing. She is too naïve to see that he is making it okay for her to sit with Reverend Sykes in the balcony, making it okay for her to spend time with Cal, and though she doesn’t know that yet, she will soon find out as she grows up. Harper Lee uses this chapter to characterize Maycomb’s unfriendliness to change and hate difference in life.

Why do you think Harper Lee brought Sykes back into the book?

How does the description of the courtroom characterize Maycomb further?

Why do you think the Idlers’ Club is in the book?

Chapters 16 and 17: Why is Dolphus Raymond in the book?

2011-05-17T11:39:00.000-07:00

Within chapter 16 of To Kill a Mockingbird Dolphus Raymond serves the purpose of illustrating societal behavioral constraints within Maycomb and the special circumstances necessary to acceptably circumvent them. Throughout his short interlude of importance Raymond serves to explore and describe the barriers between black and white society and reflect upon general “white” attitude towards inter-racial socialization/interaction, as well as white society’s predilection towards base moral judgments. Raymond is first introduced when Jem, Scout, and Dill head into town to observe Tom Robinson’s trial. During their journey, they observe and remark upon several local characters also drawn to the spectacle. Among them is Dolphus Raymond, who is observed to be “drunk ‘fore eight in the morning.” (211) as he passes on horseback by Jem. What first appears to be a topical aside (likely for the benefit of the less observant Scout) soon recurs in a more meaningful capacity when the trio (Jem, Scout, Dill) encounter Mr. Raymond once again in the town square, sitting among negroes, drinking what is presumably alcohol from a brown paper bag. Dill then tellingly states “Ain’t ever seen anybody do that.” (214) in reference to Raymond’s drinking from said paper bag. Jem then explains that Mr. Raymond does so in order to “not to upset the ladies.” (214). This initial exchange sets the stage for a more meaningful second conversation by subtly broaching the delicate issues at play. Firstly, Dills surprise at Mr. Raymond’s behavior is intentionally vague, referring to Raymond’s behavior non-specifically as “that” so as to imply perhaps that Raymond’s sitting among the negroes, not his drinking, is the oddity. Jem’s explanation is equally telling, indicating that Mr. Raymond’s drinking from a paper bag is meant as a deception to avoid offending “the ladies”, generally defined within Maycomb as the most delicate and devoted adherents to the norms of society. However, all parties are clearly aware that Raymond is drinking (likely due to reputation) and so his token deception is in fact just a means of placating Maycomb’s behavioral expectations. Furthermore, the duality of Mr. Raymond’s drinking and his sitting among the town negroes remains, indicating that perhaps Raymond’s drinking is the act of appeasement (towards the town’s white ladies, and the general white community) that allows him to “mix” with socially undesirable people with impunity.
This exploration continues further down the page when Dill asks “Why’s he sittin’ with the colored folks?” (214). Jem explains that this is Mr. Raymond’s usual behavior, and that he lives in relative isolation with a “colored woman”, which causes Dill to remark “He doesn’t look like trash.” (214). Enforcing once again that Mr. Raymond’s behavior in regards to blacks is more socially unacceptable, unusual, and noteworthy than his drinking, which elicited no reaction nearly as severe. Jem then explains that “He’s not, he owns all one side of the riverbank down there, and he’s from a real old family to boot”. (215). Continuing that “That’s just his way. They say he never got over his weddin’…After the rehearsal the bride went upstairs and blew her head off…They said it was because she found out about his colored woman, he reckoned he could keep her and get married too. He’s been sorta drunk ever since.” (215). The wedding incident, especially it arising from his involvement in both white and black society (represented by his wife and his black mistress, who he purportedly treats well along with their mixed race children) examines how white society responds to such interracial interaction. That Raymond could not occupy both “worlds” indicates the division of Maycomb. Also, the question of whether Mr. Raymond drinks because of grief or because it provides a socially acceptable excuse (grief+intoxication) for his supposedly personal/emotionally as well as physically intimate relationship with a black woman and their shared children, is particularly relevant. Throughout the chapter, Dolphus Raymond’s abandonment of a community that brought him pain/tragedy because of its prejudice (his fiancé’s choice to kill herself rather than accept the validity of her husband’s relationship with a colored woman) in favor of family life in an accepting community of outcasts calls into question the supposed superiority of white Maycomb and leaves an indelible impression upon the reader.

Why does Dolphus Raymond really drink? What does his fiancé’s reactions tell us about the priorities and values of “white” Maycomb? How does Dolphus Raymond illustrate the social dynamics of Maycomb? On what level do the children (Jem, Scout, Dill) understand the issues Dolphus Raymond represents/embodies?

Chapters 14 and 15 - Free Responce

2011-05-15T15:50:00.000-07:00

In these chapters, the growing maturity of Jem is shown. In the early chapters of the book, Jem used to often hide things from Atticus in order to have more fun playing. An example of this is when he continued playing the Boo Radley game even when Atticus told him to stop. However, in chapter 14, Dill is discovered under the bed. Dill is a big factor in how fun their summer is and they had been very disappointed when they learned that he would not be coming for the summer. Jem risks the fun of his summer to do the right thing for everyone and tells Atticus about Dill. In the end this maturity is rewarded by approval from Atticus and having Dill be able to stay for the summer.

In addition, in chapter 15, the activities around the trial begin, and the trial's dangers start to become apparent. Before, Scout and Jem did not think of the trial as a big deal. All they knew about it was from what people had been saying about Attius to them. They saw it as just another trial that Atticus was doing and did not give it any weight. However, this all changes in chapter 15. Atticus is threatened by a gang who is on its way to linch Tom Robinson. Atticus also has someone ready to shoot at the gang if anything should get out of hand. This contrasts sharply with what was seen earlier in the book and is at a whole new level of danger. The magnitude of this danger is shown by Atticus's reaction to it. The first time in the book that he shows fear is when he first looks to Scout when faced by the gang. In addition, in stead of being mad at Jem for interfering, he is proud of him. All of these things prove to scout and Jem that the trial is very serious and add to their maturity going forward.

How is the image of Atticus different in these chapters from the rest?
How has Harper Lee shown the growth in Jem's maturity through these chapters?
What affect do you think that the escalating danger of the trial will have on the interactions within the Finch family?

Chapters 14&15 - Free Response.

2011-05-14T16:41:00.000-07:00

If Aunt Alexandra represents the traditions and rules of the adult world, then the comeback of Dill gives Scout an chance to go reenter the comforts of childhood, even if for a brief moment. Dill’s arrival highlights the budding separation between Jem and Scout. In the earlier chapter, the twelve-year-old Jem was bitterly pushing Scout to behave more like a girl, showing that he’s conscious of adult social roles and expectations. Again, Jem attests to be too old for the childhood that Dill brings back. After they saw Dill under the bed, Jem, “rose and broke the remaining code of our childhood. He went out of the room and down the hall” (187). To Scout, this act makes Jem a traitor because he goes to tell Atticus about Dill. In reality, this is an act of responsibility that demonstrates Jem’s journey toward adulthood. Dill’s explanation of his family problems makes Scout and the reader realize that the Finch household is very fortunate. Atticus is a great father, and Aunt Alexandra’s spite doesn’t come from caring too little, but rather from caring too much. Dill’s parents have treated him with indifference and disdain, perhaps the worst thing a parent can do to their child.

As Scout correctly remarks, the state of childhood fun that Dill embodies cannot hold back the adult reality of hate and injustice that Jem finds himself going into. Two years earlier, the Scout’s and Jem’s lives were occupied by games and friendship with Dill. Now, their lives are concentrated on the adult world of Tom Robinson’s trial. The newly matured Jem escorts Scout and Dill into town, the same night that Atticus confronts the mob. Symbolically, this setting indicates Jem’s shift from boy to man, especially as he remains next to Atticus and doesn’t “go home,” given that only a child would do so. Jem does not disobey his father ungraciously but maturely. He comprehends Atticus’s complicated condition with consideration to the case and as a result, he worries for Atticus’s well being. However, the conflict is subjugated by Scout’s purity. Her innocence is still adequately in one piece that she can make conversation with Mr. Cunningham regardless of being encircled by a hostile mob. Scout continued to be totally ignorant of what was going on. Mr. Cunningham was influenced by Scout’s southern politeness to separate the group. Inside the ethical world of To Kill a Mockingbird, the performance of both characters makes perfect sense. Scout stays positive of other’s fundamental righteousness, a certainty that the novel shares with its readers. Instead of featuring them as naturally malicious, the mob’s racism simply disguises their civility, their value, and their essential integrity. Scout’s effort at kindness makes Mr. Cunningham become conscious of her basic goodness, causing him to respond with respect and gentleness, and leave.

How did the mob scene allow for Scout, Jem and Dill to understand the seriousness of the situation Atticus is in?

How does this event illustrate the differences in maturity between Jem and Scout?

Do you think Atticus will try to reassure his children of the situation? Why or why not?

Why do you think Mr. Cunningham took the mob and left?

Why do you think Atticus didn’t scold them at the end? Is this typical of him?

Chapters 14&15: What is it that caused a mob to form? To disperse? Why do people do things while part of a mob they would not do on their own

2011-05-14T13:02:00.000-07:00

Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee has clearly shown the racial tensions that exist in Maycomb. These tensions have had a large effect on the Finch family, now that the court case has been introduced. In chapter 14, when Aunt Alexandra and Atticus have an argument about whether or not Scout should be allowed to go to Calphurnia’s home, was the first time that the racism of the county created a disagreement within the Finch family. So far, it seemed that the family had stayed strong and above the racism. But, on page 182 Aunt Alexandra said to Atticus, “ You’ve got to face it sooner or later and it might as well be tonight. We don’t need her now.” Aunt Alexandra obviously knew that they needed Calphurnia in their house, but she did not want Calphurnia around because she is an influential black person, who Scout and Jem look up to. Atticus disagreed, because he has known Calphurnia for so long and he disregards her race and remembers what a great role model she is to his children. This showed that Atticus cannot be phased by other people's opinions.

The racial tension continues in chapter 15, when Atticus goes to the Maycomb jail late at night to visit the black man that he is defending, named Tom Robinson. Scout, Jem, and Dill snuck out to watch Atticus, because they were afraid that he was in danger. As they watched, four cars pulled up to the jail and stopped in front of Atticus. A large mob formed, and at first it was not clear what they were there for. Then, it was made clear that they were there to harm Tom Robinson. They were most likely some kind of a lynch mob. The mob was formed because of the group’s dissaproval of Atticus and their racism. They told Atticus to move from where he was standing so that they could go through, but Atticus refused. Then Scout, Jem, and Dill emerged. When Scout began asking Walter Cunningham (who was a part of the mob) questions about his son, who she went to school with, Walter became very uncomfortable. Walter ignored Scout. Scout kept talking, and told him to tell his son that she said “hey.” Walter had a change of heart on page 206 and told her “ I’ll tell him you said hey, little lady.” Then, the mob dispersed. The mob dispersed because they were part of a group that was doing something inappropriate and hateful in front of children, and they realized that they should leave. This does not mean that they are no longer racist or hateful to Atticus and Tom Robinson, but at least they had a change of heart in that moment. People do things in mobs that they would not do on their own because they have a support group with them. This makes things easier to do, because you know that if there is a consequence for what you are doing, you will not be the only one who suffers through that consequence. This does not only apply to mobs. It also applies to any large group of people. In the mob situation in chapter 15, the entire group realized that what they were doing just was not right at that time.

How does this event show that it is possible for change to have a positive effect on Maycomb?

Why did it seem that Scout had no fears while speaking to Walter Cunningham?

Why did Harper Lee include the mob scene? How does it add to the novel?

Do you think that the mob scene allowed for Scout, Jem, and Dill to understand more about the seriousness of the situation that their father is in?

FROM SEBASTIAN 12& 13 "Free Response"

2011-05-11T16:47:00.000-07:00

When Jem and Scout arrived with Calpurnia at the First Purchase Church, they were greeted with hostility by a member of the congregation named Lula. Lula argued that white children, like Jem and Scout, should attend their own church whereupon Calpurnia argued, “It’s the same god isn’t it?” at the bottom of page 158. Jem and Scout could see that they were not wanted there and Jem suggested they leave, but Calpurnia insisted they stay. A mass of “colored people” began to grow before the three of them, and it was clear that they were becoming nervous and uncomfortable. From the crowd emerged Zeebo, the garbage man, who warmly welcomed Jem and Scout and caused the crowd to disperse and begin to fill the church. Calpurnia lead them to their seats. Once they were seated, Calpurnia pulled from her purse two dimes which she gave to Jem and Scout to put in the collection plate, despite them having brought there own she insisted that they use hers.

The First Purchase Church was much different from what Jem and Scout were accustomed to, as made clear on the fourth paragraph of page 159. The church was much simpler than what they were used to. It was clear through the reading that both Jem and Scout were somewhat taken aback by the whole ordeal, and were fascinated by the differences between their church and the First Purchase Church. Reverend Sykes “called the Lord to bless the sick and suffering,” in a manner no different than what Jem and Scout were used to except for the fact the he called out specific cases for the “Deity” to bless. At the First Purchase Church, there were no Hymnals. They instead sang hymns by lining (a style where the congregation echoes the organ player). The First Purchase Church exercised much more variety in sermons and in general in a way that seemed to please Jem and Scout.

Why do you think Lula was so hostile towards Jem and Scout? Do you think that her hostility was in any way justifiable?

Why do you suppose Calpurnia insisted on giving her two dimes to Jem and Scout for the collection plate when they already had their own?

Why do you think the two churches are so different? Is one better than the other?

Why do you think the churches are so racially segregated?

Chapters 12&13: "It Takes A Woman To Do That Kind Of Work." Which Is What?

2011-05-11T15:28:00.000-07:00

On page 179 of To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee writes that, "It takes a woman to do that kind of work" after Atticus tells Scout and Jem that they should live up to their family name as Finches and act more like a lady and gentleman. This is showing a great change through Atticus. Years ago when Scout and Jem were younger they could run around and play freely without a care in the world. Now that they're older, they're expected to act with more manners and grow up. Atticus has been trying to teach his kids how to be more mature but it's hard for a man to go to his children and ask them to change their behaviors simply in one day. Atticus was never the kind of dad who would force harsh punishments to his kids or shout when things weren't going his way. He always settled problems peacefully. Now he's trying to settle a maturity problem peacefully but can just telling his kids to change really make a difference?

Aunt Alexandra's visit has made a huge impact on Atticus and his kids. Before, he and his kids would live alone and follow their own rules while Atticus would tell Scout and Jem about the other family members such as Cousin Joshua and how, "he went round the bend at the University. Said he tried to shoot the president. Said Cousin Joshua said he wasn't anything but a sewer inspector and tried to shoot him with an old flintlock pistol, only it just blew up in his hand. Atticus said it cost the family five hundred dollars to get him out of that one-" (page 176) Aunt Alexandra hasn't been living with them for too long but already, Atticus tells his children, "Get more like Cousin Joshua every day, don't I?" (page 179). As a woman, Aunt Alexandra had certain abilities to make changes in Atticus and control people to get her way. This is something that many women have. Now that Aunt Alexandra has changed Atticus, he wants to work on his children. But since Atticus doesn't have the certain power that a woman like Aunt Alexandra has, I ask these questions:

Why would Harper Lee make Atticus the one to tell Scout and Jem about the changes Aunt Alexandra wants?
Why do you think Atticus wanted to change Scout and Jem, something he never took attention to before?
Do you think age will change Scout and Jem's personalities at all or will Aunt Alexandra get to them first?

Chapters 10&11: Why do you think Atticus never let on that he was an expert marksman?

2011-05-10T16:32:00.000-07:00

Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee gives us clues as to why Atticus has not told his children that he is an excellent sharpshooter. One of the ways she does this is by constantly characterizing Atticus as being a peaceable man who can control his temper. This is shown when he tells Scout that he is defending a black man (Tom Robinson) in court and to, “…remember this, no matter how bitter things get, they’re still are friends and this is still our home (102).” He is saying that no matter how much the kids at school taunt Scout, she should never resort to violence. Atticus obviously holds this idea of never resorting to violence as one of his core beliefs. Harper Lee gives us another insight into this by informing us that Atticus is a lawyer. This shows that he believes arguments should always be settled verbally and never physically. This faith in peace that Harper Lee has shown in Atticus clearly would have clashed with his hunting ability. Obviously his beliefs won out. After this decision he may never have wanted to consider shooting for sport again, which would have led him to prevent his children from knowing of his skill.

Also, Atticus would have wanted to instill in his children his clear belief in non-violence. He wouldn’t want to compromise this belief by telling them that he was a skilled marksman. He most likely reasoned that his children would consider this ability to shoot superior to his other traits and that they might focus on his knack for killing above his ability to either sort out, or rise above, arguments. In turn Scout and Jem might have subconsciously weighted violence above peaceful means of reconciliation. With this, Scout’s quick temper and hunger for a fight may have gone far beyond their current level. Also, when Atticus is scolding his children for being violent as is the case when he reprimands Jem for chopping off the heads of all of Mrs. Dubose’s camellias, his rebukes would hold much less water; This would occur because his children would know that he himself was skilled at being violent/ shooting. This hypocrisy might have led to Jem and Scout not listening to him or losing faith in his judgment. Atticus declined from telling his children that he was a skilled marksman due to his belief in peace and his wish that Jem and Scout would uphold this belief.

How does this event illustrate the differences in maturity between Jem and Scout? Why doesn’t Jem want Scout to tell her schoolmates about Atticus’s shot? What does the shot add to the novel?

Why do you think Atticus never let on that he was an expert marksman?

2011-05-10T16:06:00.000-07:00

In Chapters 10 and 11, Harper Lee portrays an Atticus that Jem or Scout had never seen. Harper Lee shows that although Atticus has a lot of talent, he remains low-profile, and humble. Atticus maintains a calm attitude through the most aggravating of times. For example, when Mrs. Dubose calls Atticus a 'nigger-lover,' he explains to Scout and Jem that everyone has different views. Miss Maudie encourages Scout and Jem that their father has many talents, but chooses not to display them to the public. She says, "If your father's anything, he's civilized in his heart." (pg.130) And soon after Jem tells her (Scout) to not tell anyone about what had happened, she says, "What? I certainly am. Ain't everybody's daddy the deadest shot in Maycomb County." Jem finally understands what his father is trying to convey to his children by not boasting his talents to Maycomb.

Near the end of the Chapter, Atticus tells Scout and Jem he wanted to show them what real courage is. He must show them that courage is not only a man with a gun in his hands. In Atticus' mind, real courage has nothing to do with violence. Real courage is doing something that no other person around you does, like Mrs. Dubose, or the Radleys. Atticus respects others' views, and hopes his children follow afterward.

1. Can Mrs. Dubose actions and comments about Atticus be justified?

2. Why does Atticus feel the need to maintain this 'low-profile'?

3. Do you think the children's or Atticus' understanding of Mrs. Dubose will transfer over to the Radleys?

4. Why does Miss Maudie also hide the fact that Atticus is a good marksman?

Chapters 8&9. "Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try to win."

2011-05-09T16:24:00.000-07:00

Throughout the entire book so far, Atticus has played a major role in Scout's life. Scout has looked up to him entirely when it comes to education and learning about life. Atticus has shown Scout many things and tries to explain everything as best as he can. Scout is curious about many situations and wants to figure out why many things happen. In this particular instance, Scout is wondering why anyone should try if they already "know" they are going to loose. He explains this through the quote of, "Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try to win."(101)

Atticus explains to Scout that whether you win or loose, trying your best is the greatest thing you can do. When Atticus said "we were licked a hundred years before we started," he is trying to say that there was really no chance of them winning since the beginning. However, he explains that that does not mean he shouldn't put up a good fight. The more he fights, the harder and longer it takes for the other people to win. Also, who knows, Atticus still does have a chance of winning, even if the odds do not look good. In addition, even if he completely failed, if he tried his best he would look a lot better than just completly giving up.

Do you agree with the advice Atticus gives Scout, or would you just give up and not try your hardest? Do you think Scout will use this advice in the future or not really?

Cp 6&7: What does Scout mean by "it was then that Jem and I first began to part company?"

2011-05-08T17:54:00.000-07:00

As the two major protagonists are growing up, their age differences and abilities can separate them. As Scout states, “it was then that Jem and I began to Part Company”, this is a direct reference to the two great friends and siblings entering the stages where they will begin to differ. As the plot goes on from that statement, it is obvious Scout and Jem had begun to part. As the days in Maycomb became more stressful because of school and other distractions, the siblings began to fall apart. Whenever Scout wanted to help her older brother (after the incident at the Radley’s) all he will do is just sit still and have not response to Scout. On page (84) after discovering that the Radley’s tree is actually not sick, Jem is distraught from the pain of not knowing what to do and believing something might happen to them. When Scout approached him later “Come on in Jem… After a While.” Scout is his sister and wants to help her brother because of the pain of what happened, but she is still too young to understand some aspect of life, which she has never been exposed to.

The parting of company between Scout and Jem is a terrible incident in their lives. Scout has so much love for her brother and believes in him and looks up to him. Jem on the other hand is the elder and has to lead the group. When the two siblings part, there is one crucial piece of information, which might not have crossed your mind. They are separating because of the different mindsets and understandings of common sense. Scout has displayed numerous times that she is the brightest person out of the 3. Although she did not want to let her brother go out during the night by himself, she went along, because of her love for him. Scout later comes to terms that she is the smartest and has to hold her ground. She does not want to break away from her brother, but she has to come to the realization that he and she have completely different mindsets (as of this point in the book).

Do you think Jem and Scout will reconcile?

2. When was the “breaking point” of the relationship between Jem and Scout?

3. What brought them to parting company?

4. Was it Jem’s or Scouts behavior which initiates the “part”?

Ch. 6 & 7: Why do the children play the "Radley Game?"

2011-05-08T10:52:00.000-07:00

The children play the "Radley Game" to answer the lingering questions they have regarding the Radley family. What they don't know thay make up in their long lasting game. The children used their broad imagination every day as if they were in the place of the Radleys. Scout describes their production when she says, "We polished and perfected it, added dialogue and plot until we had manufactured a small play upon which we rang changes every day." (52) Jem and Dill had become invested in this game they had created to pass time during their summer. These two wanted to know every little quality of Boo and his realtives to be on the spot as they saw them in their minds. Although these boys would never admit it, they were scared of the Radleys. They tried to hide it behind their games and jokes about them, to convince themselves that they weren't scared. It was like they were trying to convince themselves and Scout that Boo Radley was some kind of myth and that he died long ago. This game and the slight obsession with Boo Radley was not entirely the fault of Jem and Dill, but of what they heard.

The "Radley Game" was fueled by what the children heard from neighbors and friends. The traits and activities of which they showed in their production were all from stories they had heard. Whether it was a story Miss Stephanie Crawford spread around or a family's tales from when they were linked with the Radleys. Scout recounts the source behind the script when she says, " It was a melancholy little drama, woven from bits and scraps of gossip and neighborhood legend." (52) These children, especially Scout, are young and believe most everything that it told to them. The gossip that circles their little town of Maycomb is really what lies underneath their little game. In such a small town even the slightest bit of gossip is never dropped. And where the town is very small most everyone knows everybody else, causing them to trust one another and making it harder to determine whether or not the gossip is true. The stories and talk about Boo have been going on for very long and is the norm of Maycomb, now that enough time has passed. But these curious children are determined to uncover it from its grave.

How does this game cause Scout to view Jem? Does it change throughout the game? Does the "Radley Game" make Scout feel more secure or more frightened of Boo Radley? Why? Is it healthy for the children to imagine and make up a life for the Radleys in a little game? Why or why not?

Chapter 4 and 5: What can you infer about Miss Maudie's character based on the clues provided in the novel?

2011-05-04T17:30:00.000-07:00

It can be inferred from Miss Maudie's character that she does not believe in any rumors about Boo Radley and can be trusted by other people. When Jem and Dill talk privately together, Scout feels left out, so she goes to Miss Maudie's house to speak with her. She discovers that Miss Maudie is a pleasant neighbor and decides to ask her to share her knowledge about Boo Radley. When Scout asks Miss Maudie if she thinks Boo is still alive, she tells Scout, "His name's Arthur and he's alive," (57) Scout decides to trust her and leaves the issue of Boo being alive alone. This shows that Miss Maudie is a trustable character, and that her "voice was (is) enough to shut anybody up." (60) Through Miss Maudie's words, Scout may realize that the rumors spread by Miss Stephanie Crawford are lies.

Another inference that can me made about Miss Maudie is that she is superstitious about few particular things. When Harper Lee first introduces her in the novel, she writes a few paragraphs describing Miss Maudie's habits and life. Directly after Lee writes about Miss Maudie's love for "Everything that grew (grows) in God's earth," (56) she makes an exception. Lee says that "If she (Miss Maudie) found a blade of nut grass in her yard it was like the Second Battle of the Marne: she swooped down upon it with a tin tub and subjected it to blasts from beneath with a poisonous substance she said was so powerful it'd kill us all if we didn't stand out of her way." (56) This displays that Miss Maudie is superstitious of the nut grass, and may think of an event that happened in the past, possibly during World War I, every time she sees it. However, Miss Maudie is clearly not nearly as superstitious about Boo Radley as anyone else in town, so why should she be superstitious of nut grass? In this passage, Lee refers to The Second Battle of the Marne, which was the last major attack in a series of German attacks on the Western Front during World War I (wikipedia "Second Battle of the Marne"), to make it clear that the book was set in the early 1930's. Harper Lee uses many writing techniques to characterize Miss Maudie, and leaves the reader to infer things about her personality. Do you think that Miss Maudie will play an important role in Scout's relationship with Jem and Dill later in the story? Do you think that her statements about Boo (Arthur) Radley are true? Why?

Chap. 4: What do you think is the significance of the last line of Chapter 4?

2011-05-04T10:39:00.000-07:00

The last line of Chapter 4 is "Someone inside the house is laughing." (54) This is after Scout rolls down the hill, in the inside of the tire. Jem is running after her, and they both end up screaming in the front yard of the Radleys' house. The laughter is coming from inside the Radleys' House, and most likely from Boo Radley. This laughter represents the universal norm of laughing at other peoples misfortunes. It shows that Boo is not as different and creepy as everyone believes. He is just a normal individual living in Maycomb County. All the rumors that Scout hears of Boo Radley, are starting to be seen in perspective for her. She might start to question all of the gossip that Miss Stephanie Crawford tells everyone of the town about Boo. This could be what the laughter means, but due to the many rumors of Boo Radley, Scout probably thinks the laughter shows evil.

Scout has been indulged in much of the gossip about Boo Radley. Because she has heard so many evil stories of him, when she hears the laughter, she does not think of it as being normal, but as being very creepy. Hearing this laughter, made Scout feel more afraid that Boo was watching her, and laughing at her crash as well. Scout did not see this as being a normal activity of someone just laughing at their misfortune. Scout has a bias opinion of what the laughter means though. If she did not know all of the rumors about Boo, she would just think of it as normal laugh. But rather, Scout saw this as being suspicious, evil, and creepy. This enforced Scout's fear of Boo Radley, and made her increasingly more scared of Boo Radley, thinking that she is being watched now. Because of this, Scout starts to become more afraid of doing things with the boys, and how Jem thinks of it, she is beginning to act more like a girl. Scout's fear defines her as being girl like. Also, because Scout is fading from Jem and Dill, she starts to be with Miss Maudie. On page 57, Scout asks Miss Maudie if she thinks Boo Radley is still alive, signifying that she is still thinking about Boo and his laugh. How do you think this affected how Scout looks at Boo Radley? Did it make her think better or worse of Boo? How?

Chapter 2 & 3: What solution does Atticus propose for Scout's problems at school? What does this reveal about Atticus's character?

2011-05-03T16:02:00.000-07:00

In the last scene of chapter three in To Kill a Mocking Bird, Scout is faced with a problem brought up from school. As Scout is fretting over Miss Caroline’s request, Atticus calms her down by proving to her the law should be followed, but there are always loop holes. While Atticus comes up with a compromise, the reader sees him as a father who cares and less of a father who is satisfies his children’s needs as he was portrayed in the beginning of the book. When Atticus says, “Do you know what a compromise is... an agreement reached my mutual concessions. It works this way… If you concede the necessity of going to school, we’ll go on reading every night just as we always have. Is it a bargain?” (41) In this moment Atticus shows that he really does enjoy the few moments he has with his daughter. It’s through the times Atticus reads to Scout that they both open up to each other. This scene reveals much about Atticus’ personality as a father, lawyer, and adult figure in Scout and Jem’s life.

Soon after they make this agreement, Scout is seen making a promise to Atticus. After the two agree on a compromise, Scout gets ready to play, happy that she got what she really wanted. When Atticus calls to Scout he says, “By the way Scout, you’d better not say anything at school about our agreement… I’m afraid our activities would be received with considerable disapprobation by the more learned authorities.” (42) At this moment, Scout explains that Jem and her were used to Atticus’ “last-will-and-testament” decisions, meaning Atticus often brought law tactics while making agreements or conversations with his young children. Though he does use this, it also shows how Atticus treats his children as equal to him, making them have respect for him.

Chapter 2: Why does Scout get in trouble with Miss Caroline? What does this reveal about Scout's character? Miss Caroline's?

2011-05-03T12:21:00.000-07:00

In Chapter 2 of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout begins her first day of school with positive expectations. However, she quickly garners the ire of her teacher, Miss Caroline, in a series of classroom misunderstandings. These small successive instances provide early insights into Scout, Miss Caroline, and later the influence of Maycomb as a setting. The most telling misunderstanding takes place almost immediately over Scout’s unusual proficiency at reading. After recognizing this talent Ms. Caroline, a young college educated teacher from the presumably more progressive/liberal Winston County North Alabama, displays her irritation, telling Scout “Now tell your father not to teach you anymore. It’s best to begin reading with a fresh mind. You tell him I’ll take over from here and try to undo the damage...Your father does not know how to teach.”(23). In this instance Ms. Caroline responds condescendingly, emphasizing that she is in fact an educational professional and attempting to assert her supposed expertise. When Scout expresses her confusion, Ms. Caroline defensively exclaims that Scout’s father doesn’t “know how to teach,” implying that her knowledge and authority over matters of education are absolute. The force of her statements, especially in the context of conversation between a teacher and first grader, illustrate Ms. Caroline’s relative inexperience and resulting insecurity. That she treats the intellectual progress of a first grader as a serious threat to her authority is particularly poignant. Furthermore, she displays an underlying superiority complex, most likely the result of her college degree and (supposedly) broader worldview and range of experience. This manifests once again in the assertion that she knows better for the children (specifically Scout) than the comparatively less able locals, and that because of his lack of formal education, Scout’s father could actually do “damage” to Scout by teaching her in what she supposes must be an amateurish, unsophisticated manner. Scout, on the other hand, is perplexed by these strange attitudes and the unfamiliarity with Maycomb they belie. She quickly displays her relative inability to approach behavior from other’s perspectives, stubbornly insisting that she in fact reads naturally and was never “taught” rather than recognizing her teacher’s different background pattern of behavior, which causes Scout to unintentionally challenging Ms. Caroline’s authority. Both characters conclude their roles in this little episode by exhibiting striking naivety, both in Scout’s blind acceptance of Ms. Caroline’s heavy handed dictates and Ms. Caroline’s mistaken assumption that Maycomb is made up entirely of ignorant hicks who are inherently intellectually inferior to her. Do you think the differences in background between Scout and Ms. Caroline can be overcome with time? Will increased familiarity spawn some mutual understanding? In what respects will Ms. Caroline be forced to change in order to adapt to her new surroundings?

Welcome...

2011-04-14T07:35:00.001-07:00

Welcome to Mr. Rossiter's To Kill a Mockingbird blog! This blog will allow us to explore Harper Lee's famous novel in an interactive way. We will all learn from each other. As we discussed in class, I hope you will approach your posts and comments seriously, but also take advantage of all the different ways that blogging can enhance literary analysis and discussion. It will also allow you to work on sharpening your analytical writing.